The Dwarfs called their own language Dethek, but most other races used that term to refer to the runic alphabet in which the language was written. It is a strong and exclusive language yet old language.
Dwarvish had similar grammatical constructs to common. This was no doubt due to the fact that both languages evolved alongside one another. These shared rules meant that speakers of common would have found it relatively easy to learn and translate Dwarvish.