The Winchester Model 1886 is an American lever-action carbine produced by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. It was the first product of the company to be designed for true black powder rifle cartridges, most commonly .45-70 Government. However, because of the strength of its action, the transition to smokeless powder was easy and required minor reinforcement. Additionally, it was the first Winchester lever-action rifle to be designed by legendary inventor John Moses Browning. The Model 1873 was infamously fielded by Edward "Ned" Kelly and his personal bodyguard during Ned's Rebellion, outmatching loyalist forces in the battlefield when combined with their overwhelming skill. This made British authorities realise the potential of repeating firearms, spurring the development of the Lee-Metford Rifle, predecessor of the Short Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk. III.