Weapons List

Melee Weapons

Dory

A long spear (about 7–9 feet) used primarily by hoplites (citizen-soldiers). It had a leaf-shaped spearhead and a butt-spike called the sauroter ("lizard-killer").

Xiphos

A short, double-edged sword used as a secondary weapon. It was often used in close combat when the dory was lost or broken.

Kopis

A heavy, single-edged curved sword or cleaver. It was excellent for powerful chopping blows, especially from horseback.

Makhaira

Similar to the kopis, but more versatile in size and curve. It was a single-edged blade used for slashing.

Labrys

A double-headed axe, more symbolic or ceremonial in later eras, but possibly used in Minoan or early Mycenaean combat.

Spatha

Originally a Roman term, but some Greeks adopted longer, straight swords similar in design, particularly in later periods.

Ranged Weapons

Gastra (or Gastraphetes)

A handheld, composite belly-bow—an early form of a crossbow. It was used primarily by engineers or in sieges.

Toxon

The Greek bow, typically a composite bow used by archers, especially in light infantry or on horseback in allied or peripheral forces.

Akontion

A light javelin used for throwing. Peltasts (light infantry) used it for hit-and-run tactics.

Sling (Sphendone)

A leather or woven pouch sling for hurling stones. Often used by skirmishers from poor or rural backgrounds.