Conlong Phonology Sheet

Romanized Spelling

b - B Back        

d - D Dare

f - F Friend

g - G Grey

h - H Help

j - y Yes 

C - C No english equivalent (Similar to Cat)

k - K Cat  

l - L Layer

m - M Man

n - N Night

p - P Prayer

r - R No english equivalent

ɬ - Hl No english equivalent

s - S Strike

t - T Tent

v - V Vent

w - W Wind

ç - Sh Share

θ - Th Thick

ð - Dh Then

x - Ch No english equivalent

Ɣ - Gh No english equivalent

G - G

i - é -i Mean

i: - éa Mean

ɪ - i -ih Tip

ɛ - e Ten

ɛ:(r) - er Hair

æ - áe Apple

a - a man

ə - u About (The distinction between ə and ʌ is found only in stress)

ʌ - u -uh Ton

ɑ - á Pawn

u - oo Moon

uː - oú Moon

ʊ - uú Should

ɔ - o Door

ɔ:  - oa Door

aɪ̯ - Ie Mine

aʊ̯ - Au Mountain

əʊ̯ - ó Go

eɪ̯ - ë Main

ɔɪ̯ - oi Choice

iə - ea Dear

ɑn - on On

ɫ - l Occurs after vowels

1.0 (Old) Vandirian to 2.5 Vandirian

The evolution of Vandirian 1.0 - 2.5 took place over 1500 years.

Overall Change:

Phonological Change Order

1. Voicing Stops

2. Loss of the /ç/ sound

3. Loss of Vowels

4. Áe sound change

5. Loss of /Ɣ/ sound

6. Loss of /T/ sound

Examples

1.0 - 2.0 Change

Voicing Stops

Voiceless stops become voiced inbetween vowels, /c/ becomes /k/

Ex: 

Loss of the /ç/ sound

The /ç/ sound becomes the consonant cluster /sk/ during word endings

Ex:

Loss of Vowels

The word ending /a/ /ɪ/ and /ə/ sounds and lost when proceding consonants

ex:

2. 0- 2.5 Change

Áe sound change

The Áe sound used mainly in the beginning and middle of words changes pronunciation from the monothong /æ/ to the diphthong /eɪ̯/.

/æ/ - /eɪ̯/ sound change

The ë spelling becomes only used in word endings and represents the /eɪ̯/ sound still

Ex: Áemshir, /

Loss of /Ɣ/ sound

The /Ɣ/ sound becomes /x/ during the end of words.

Ex:

Loss of /t/ sound

The /t/ sound becomes /d/ in endings 

Ex:

Vandirian Evolution to Moknin

The modern Black tongue, also known as moknin in Temshirin is derived from a combination of the original Dolinese language and old Vandirian (1.3). The Ancient Fomorins who spoke Dolinese learnt Vandirian from Bealdur, but they kept many of the sounds in their own language and many words.

Doleo-Vandirian period 0.0-1.0

This period took around 1000 years to evolve to the first stages of Moknin

Overall Doleo-Vandirian Period:

Overall Phonology of the Doleo-Vandirian period

Consonants

Vowels

Romanized Spelling 

p - p

b - b

m - m

f - f

v - v

ʒ - zh

ʈ - tt

ɖ - dd

ɳ - nn

ɽ - rr

ʂ - shch

j - j

w - w

q - q

ɢ - cg

χ - x

ʔ - ‘

yɪ̯ - eiei

ɶ - oe

Phonological Change Order

1. Stress Order

2. Consonant Change

3. Vowel Change

4. Vowel Omission

5. Loss of /ɽ/

6. Intervolic Voicing

7. Loss of Vowels

8. Voiceless Stop Clusters

Examples:

0.0-0.5 Transition Period

During the early years of Moknin’s creation the language was very different from it’s final 1.0 form. 

Addition of Dolinese words

Stress Change

In 1.3 Vandirian it is common that the first syllable in each word is stressed, with some exceptions. Because the stress in Dolinese and other Fomorin languages the stress is moved to the last syllable in all words with some notable exceptions during the earlier periods 

Ex:

Consonant Change

In the beginning of Moknin’s life the Fomorin’s spoke there own Doleo-Vandirian language that was a Vandirian language with sounds from Fomorin languages like Dolinese. The consonants in this period where mainly uvular and retroflex unlike the alveolar and palatal sounds in Vandirian. This reflects the Dolinese and other native Fomorin languages.

Examples:

k c g - q ɢ Words such as Carig /ca.rig/ turn to Qaricg /qa.ɽiɢ/

r - ɽ r sounds are produced closer to the back of the mouth and they don’t trill.

s - ʂ

θ ð t d - ʈ ɖ Words such as Dharth /ðarθ/ and Dhea Hooédh /ðiə xuið/ can turn drastically different. Dart /ɖarʈ/, and Tiu kxooid /ʈiə χuiɖ/. /ð/ becomes /ʈ/, but /ɖ/ during word endings. (Note that the phrase Tiu Kxooid does not exist in Moknin due to the nature of it's meaning praising Eowaria instead of Baeler.)

j and h - ʔ 

ç - ʂ

ɬ - χ

n - ɳ

When a ɽ sound follows a retroflex sound it is simply omitted 

Examples

Vowel Change

Because Dolinese lacks many of the vowels used in Vandirian, Doleo-Vandirian simplifies many vowels making some words very similar. The only additional vowels in Dolinese not used in Vandirian are the additional rounded y and ɶ sounds are used to replace other vowels.

ʊ - y

ɛː(r) - ɶ Although /ɶ/ was a very common vowel in Dolinese, it was let go mainly axept for the /ɛː/ seen often replacing the hard to pronounse /ɛr/ sounds in vandirian.

i: ɪ - i or y

ɔ ɔː - ɒ

eɪ̯ - yɪ̯

æ - ɶ

Examples:

Vowel Omission

All cases of vowels inbetween voiceless obstruents in unstressed syllables

In many cases of hard to pronounce clusters, the second sound is used

Ex

Phonological Change Order:

1. Stress order

2. Consonant change

3. Vowel change

4. Vowel Omission

0.5 - 1.0 Moknin Transition Period

Loss of /ɽ/

/ɽ/: In the word final case of the /ɽ/ sound, it is omitted 

ex:

Intervolic Voicing

The /p/, /ʈ/, and /ʂ/ sounds become respectively /b/, /ɖ/, /ʒ/ inbetween vowels.

(The original s sound in both Dolinese and Vandirian evolves to ʂ and then a ʒ over time in Doleo Vandirian)

Loss of Vowels

The word ending /a/ /ɪ/ /ə/ and /ʌ/ sounds and lost when proceding consonants

ex:

Vowels are lost before the /ɽ/ sound. (Or in the word final case of a vowel preceding it)

ex:

Sounds such as oouh /u.ə/ and ëuh /eɪ̯.ə/ evolve to wuh /wə/ and yuh /jə/ exect when preceding the /ɽ/ sound.

ex:

Loss of Bilabial sounds

Consonent clusters with bilabial sounds such as /p/ /b/ and /m/ convert to the first consonant when paired with an obstruent. 

ex:

Loss of /ʈ/

The /ʈ/ sound changes to a glottal stop in word endings.

Neutralization

The following vowels change inbetween consonants in stressed syllables.

ɑ - ə

Ex:

Vowels at word endings evolve to /ə/

Ex:

Vowels disappear between nasals and obstruents, and the obstruent is lost when following the /m/ sound

Ex:

Consonant Shift

q - k inbetween vowels

ɢ - g 

ɽ - ɾ 

χ - x

ʂ - ts

Vowel Hiatus

The u vowel when occurring before another vowel and before a plosive, fricative, or affricate, becomes w

Ex:

Phonological Change Order

1. Loss of /ɽ/

2. Intervolic Voicing

3. Loss of Vowels

4. Loss of Bilabial sounds

5. Loss of /ʈ/

6. Neutralization

7. Consonant Shift

8. Vowel Hiatus

Phonotactics

Syllable Structure

The vandirian syllable structure is roughly (c)(c)v(c)(c)(c) 

Sound position 

Onset sounds: all consonents -x

Nucleus sounds: all vowels and diphthongs 

Coda sounds: all consonants - ɬ 

Consonent clusters

Word Order

Vandirian word order is almost entirely head final 

SOV - 

Adjective - Noun

Noun - relative clause

Demonstrative - noun

(an+inan)Numeral - noun

Noun - (ordinal)Numeral

Possessive - noun

Genitive - noun

Adverb - Adjective

Origin - Material - Purpose - Color - Age - Size - Opinion - Quantifier

Verb - auxiliary

Auxiliary order: Modal - Negative - Aspect - Question

Time - Manner - Place

Verb Tense and Aspect

I ran yesterday in the forest - Në Réadh Lëuhooédh Ë Fafin (Me(1st.sing.com.) run(an.sing.) yesterday in forest+def)

I have ran in the forest - Në Réadh Fau Ë Fafin (Me(1st.sing.com.) run(an.sing.) have(refer-prfct.past) in forest+def)

I am running in the forest - Në Héan Réadh Lau Ë Fafin (Me(1st.sing.com.) now run(an.sing.) go(refer-imperf.pres.) in forest+def)

Perfect: form that indicates that an action or circumstance occurred earlier than the time under consideration, often focusing attention on the resulting state rather than on the occurrence itself.

Usitative: Used to describe habitual or repeated actions.

Perfective: presents an occurrence in summary, viewed as a whole from the outside, without regard for the internal make-up of the occurrence.

Imperfective: Used to describe ongoing events.

Noun cases 

All suffixes without an added consonant replace the ending vowels. Ex: Dooindë - Dooindin

Grammatical Genders:

Subject verb agreements

The verb agreement adds a vowel sound as a suffix to the verb that the subject isis referring to, and depends on the animacy of the object

. 

Examples: Greyar - v, to love

Sentance Examples:

I love (pl) fish - Në Ëski Greyaró (Me(1st.sing.com.) fish(pl.an.ind.com.) love(an.pl.)

They love fire - Mér Tinuh Greyari (Them(3rd.pl.com.) fire(sing.ina.ind.com.) love(ina.sing.)

The tree grew yesterday - Crëuhnin Lëuhhooédh Fëuhsi (Tree(sing.ina.def.com.) grow(ina.sing.) yesterday)

The water will flow in the future - Yishkin Srëbawrdh ----------- (Water(mass.

Notes:

Special Affixes to note:

The (definate) - in (indefinate has none)

Common Adj marker for nouns -

Pronouns:

Possesive pronouns

Passive - 'Be' Bë

Causative - 'Cause' Fidh

Vandirian 1.0 - 2.5 Dictionary

This language was the first language spoken by the Firstborn and was taught to them by Cuinonar.

Word Order:

Vandirian word order is almost entirely head final 

SOV - 

Adjective - Noun

Noun - relative clause

Demonstrative - noun

(an+inan)Numeral - noun

Noun - (ordinal)Numeral

Possessive - noun

Genitive - noun

Adverb - Adjective

Origin - Material - Purpose - Color - Age - Size - Opinion - Quantifier

Verb - auxiliary

Auxiliary order: Modal - Negative - Aspect - Question

Time - Manner - Place

Nouns

Noun cases 

All suffixes without an added consonant replace the ending vowels. Ex: Dooindë - Dooindin

Grammatical Genders:

Subject verb agreements

The verb agreement adds a vowel sound as a suffix to the verb that the subject isis referring to, and depends on the animacy of the object

. 

Examples: Greyar - v, to love

Sentance Examples:

I love (pl) fish - Në Ëski Greyaró (Me(1st.sing.com.) fish(pl.an.ind.com.) love(an.pl.)

They love fire - Mér Tinuh Greyari (Them(3rd.pl.com.) fire(sing.ina.ind.com.) love(ina.sing.)

The tree grew yesterday - Crëuhnin Lëuhhooédh Fëuhsi (Tree(sing.ina.def.com.) grow(ina.sing.) yesterday)

The water will flow in the future - Yishkin Srëbawrdh ----------- (Water(mass.

Notes:

Special Affixes to note:

The (definate) - in (indefinate has none)

Common Adj marker for nouns - 

Verb Tense and Aspect

I ran yesterday in the forest - Në Réadh Lëuhooédh Ë Fafin (Me(1st.sing.com.) run(an.sing.) yesterday in forest+def)

I have ran in the forest - Në Réadh Fau Ë Fafin (Me(1st.sing.com.) run(an.sing.) have(refer-prfct.past) in forest+def)

I am running in the forest - Në Héan Réadh Lau Ë Fafin (Me(1st.sing.com.) now run(an.sing.) go(refer-imperf.pres.) in forest+def)

Pronouns:

Possesive pronouns

Numbers:

The Vandirian elves were tought the base 10 number system by the Mynori, and they used their fingers to count. 

Numbers above 10 are counted the same way are chinese does: 

Determiner:

Nél - det, no

Ni - det, not

Greetings:

Dhiuh Hooédh - ph, Good day

Dhë Hefuhooédh - ph, See you

Conjunctions:

ar - conj, and

Dhiuh - conj, now

Coordinators

ar - coord, and

Áld - but

Pronouns

Dhë - p, You

Në - p, Me/I

Méuh - p, Him/He

Nëuh - p, Her/She

Nen - p, we (Inclusive)

Non - p, us (Exclusive)

Mér - p, Them

Dhën - p, You(pl)

Lëuh - p, It

Nouns

Lëofém - Laophim

Serúfém - Seraphim

Arúfém - Araphim

Narúfém - Neraphim

Telérúfém - Telaraphim

Áemshír - n, time

Argoint - n, an Argument/point

Blidwin - n, solar year

Brëdh - n, birth and breath

Béid - n, World

Béidnéan - n, worldless

Béidh - n, life, and breath

Nibéidh -n, breathless, inanimate, not alive

Bórn - n, a basecamp

Cantas - n, Report, Account

Carig - n, Rock

Cogartoo - n, Adjustment

Crëuhn - n, Tree

Dharth - n, surface

Dhor - n, east

Dauor - n, a Tuadë

Menmuh - n, Person

Dooinë - n, a man (Refers to human Race)

Dërth - n, darkness

Dërthin - n, The deep, underground, hell

Fafin - n, Forest

Frëuh - n, answer

Fyól - blood 

Fárë - n, Man (Male)

Géem - a bite

Dhilnola- n, spirit ghost, Dhiléun+Nola(Figure+Unseen)

Dhiléun- n, form, figure

Grëyuh - n, rules (Singular) (Laws) 

Grëyunuúrm - n, Grammar Grëyuh+nurm (law+word)

Gáer - n, air

Hlan - n, part (of a whole)

Hooédh - n, Solar day

Ien - n, animal Ien+

Carómyat - n, Balance

Clab - n, a back (body part)

Cómhlat - n, Body

Clëyiv - n, Sword

Cniuhm - n, an act

Cool - n, the back of something

Créadmar - Belief

Cóëtoo - n, agreement 

Lam - n, Hand

Lëuhhooédh - n, Yesterday Lëuh+Hooédh (last+day)

Medhla - n, attraction, seduction 

Mhed - n, Thing

Mord - n, a base, support

Mëdh - n, amount

Norktoonéan - n, unagreeable

Nurm - n, words, speech

Nérë - n, Woman (Female)

Oodooruhs - n, authority 

Shamsuh - n, the state of amusement

Spéar - n, sky, heavens

Sëdoo - n, an approval 

Temshier -n, Temshire

Temshéar - n, Temshirin

Tinuh - n, Fire

Toois - n, start, beggining

Toouhooédh- n, tommorow Toouh+Hooédh (next-day)

Yishk - n, water

Yompar - n, behavior

Anam - n, Bread, lively, home

Áelén - n, Art

Áensé - n, an attack

Áerakt - n, an attempt

Áerd - n, attention

Ësk - n, fish

Ëskar - n, fisherman Ësk+Ar (fish+man)

Ëuhrin - n, Iron 

Ëuhrklëyiv - n, iron Sword Ëuhrin+Klëyiv (iron+sword)

Cieteh - long past

Ménteh - long past

Mienor

Verbs

Kanoodh - v, to Sing

Greyar - v, to Love (love of objects)

Bëidh - v, to be

Hela- v,  to see

Réadh - v, to run

Néuh - v, to finish

Lau - v, to go

Ala - v, often

Yówas - v, to create

Yoruhn - v, to fly stationary

Fëuhs - v, to grow

Srëbawrdh - v, to flow

Fau v, to possess, have

Adverbs

Héan -ad v, now

Adjectives

Dhiuh - adj, Good

Ëooluh - adj, Holy/Otherworldy (Describes the Ëoolori (Mynori)

Minuh - adj, All powerful 

Alënoi - adj, Often

Lëuh - adj, previous, last

Toouh - adj, next

Teléruh - adj, angelic, beautiful and godly

Maluh - adj, evil

Dhiléunéan - adj, formless, figureless Dhiléun+néan (form+without

Fëloomuh - adj, empty

Dráthuh - adj, black, evil

Dharuh - adj, best

Dhilëuh - adj, masked, unknown

Norhela-adj, unseen, transparant  Nor+Hela(not+Seen)

Ersuh - adj, ancient

Shëuh - adj, old

Hooëvuh - adj, new

Mëath

Fëinus

Prepositions

Ya - prep, to, of (possessive of)

Oi - prep, of (Relation not including possession)

Ë - prep, in

Dhar - prep, over, above

Derivational affixes

Or - suffix, people

Ori - suffix, people (pl)

Ar - suffix, man/person (genderless)(not referring to human man)

Ëuh - suffix, land (pronounced ‘eiə’ not to be confused with ‘iə’)

Faf - Prefix, forest (commonly used isued in names)

Aluh - suffix/prefix, often

Hefuh - Suffix/Prefix, to see

Im - suffix, Animate object(most common suffix)

In - suffix, A place (A very common suffix)

Néan- suffix, without, similar to english -less

Dráth - suffix, evil, black

Nor - prefix, non, un, negative

éar - suffix, language, similar to english -ish

Ni - prefix, without, similar to english -less

Gu - Adverb marker

Igh - Verb Marker

Not Accurate Translation

Genesis 1:1-2

In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.

yenesis 1:1-2

Yówawrëuh Spéaréni Na Dóamin Yówasoi Ë Tooisin. Dhiuh Dóamin Bëidhi Gilaguhnéan na Fëloomuh, Dërth Oi Dóhanin Bëidhoi Dhar Dharthin, Na Gilnorfláin Ya Yówawrëuh Yishkéni Bëidhi Yoruhn Dhar.

jəʊ̯wɑ:reɪ̯ʌ SpiːrInI Na Dəʊ̯amɪn jəʊ̯wasɔɪ̯ eɪ̯ Tuːɪsɪn. ðɪʌ Dəʊ̯amɪn Beɪ̯ɪðI ʒɪlaʒʌniɪn na Feɪ̯luːmʌ, Deɪ̯rθ ɔɪ̯ Dəʊ̯hanɪn Beɪ̯ɪðɔɪ̯ ðar ðarθɪn, Na ʒɪlnɔːrflæhɪn jæ jəʊ̯wɑ:reɪ̯ʌ jɪʃkɪnI Beɪ̯ɪðI jɔːrʌn ðar.