Lithium is a soft, silvery-white, ultralight alkali metal with a density less than half that of water. Its primary applications are in lubricating greases (lithium soap greases are the most widely used high-performance lubricants), in certain aluminium alloys for aerospace applications, in nuclear reactors as a tritium breeding material, and in specialist glass and ceramics. Additionally, lithium batteries are in their infancy, and are set to revolutionise portable electronics. Lithium is produced by electrolysis of molten lithium chloride, requiring dedicated electrolytic cells operating at high temperatures.
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